Constitution day in India

Constitution Day in India is celebrated every year on 26th of November as the constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th of November in the year 1949 and came into force on 26th of January in 1950. Dr. Ambedkar is the Father of Constitution of India. After the independence of India Dr. Ambedkar was invited by the Congress government to serve as a first law minister of the India. He was appointed as the Constitution Drafting Committee’s Chairman on 29th of August. He was the chief architect of the Indian constitution and known for the strong and united India. Indian constitution was first described by the Granville Austin to achieve the social revolution. The ever lasting contribution of the Babasaheb Ambedkar towards the Indian constitution helps a lot to all the citizens of India. The constitution of Indian was adopted to constitute the country as an independent, communist, secular, autonomous and republic to secure the Indian citizens by the justice, equality, liberty and union. When the constitution of India was adopted, the citizens of India were entered to a new constitutional, scientific, self-governing and modern India with the peace, poise and progress. The constitution of India is very unique all over the world and has taken around 2 years, 11 months and 17 days to pass by the Constituent Assembly. Some of the following characteristics of the Indian constitution are: It is written and broad It is the democratic government – Elected Members Fundamental rights Liberty of judiciary, travel, live, speech, religion, education Single Nationality Indian constitution is both flexible and non-flexible Obliteration of caste system at the National level Common civil code and official languages Center is similar to a Buddhist ‘Ganrajya’ Impact of Buddha and Buddhist rituals Since the Indian constitution came into act, the females in India got right to vote. Various countries all over the world have adopted the Indian Constitution. One of the neighbor countries, Bhutan has also accepted the Indian Democratic system. Why Do We Celebrate Constitution Day? Constitution Day in India is officially celebrating event which is celebrated every year on 26th of November to honor and remember the father of Constitution, Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. People in India celebrate their history, freedom, independence and peace after launching the own constitution of India.

41st Anniversary of the discovery of Lucy

On November 24th, 1974, as dusk settled upon the southern edge of the Afar Triangle near a village called Hadar, a team of scientists organized by Yves Coppens, Maurice Taieb and Donald Johanson toasted a tremendous discovery. They had been scouring this region for weeks--an area Taieb had brought to the forefront of anthropological research years earlier--and that morning their search paid enormous dividends with the find of Dr. Johanson and his student Tom Gray. The skeletal fragments unearthed in the Ethiopian landscape made up the most complete example of Australopithecus afarensis ever found. While they celebrated, a small tape recorder blared ”Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds”, again and again. And then it struck someone--what finer name than Lucy for the incredible specimen pulled from the sand that day? Google has created one of its trademark doodles to celebrate the 41s t anniversary of the discovery of the skeletal remains of 'Lucy' Australopithecus, who is proven to have lived around 3.2 million years ago in Ethiopia. 40 per cent of Lucy's fossilised remains were discovered intact and paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson named her Lucy after the Beatles song 'Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds'. By studying her bones, in particular the structure of her knee and spine curvature, scientists discovered that she spent most of her time walking on two legs. Lucy resembled human beings very closely. She walked in an upright manner as humans do. Scientists believe Lucy was 3.7 feet tall and 29 kgs in weight. Although she walked upright, she was quite small in size compared to humans. Her skeletal remains are kept in a National Museum in Ethiopia’s Addis Ababa and her plasticreplica is kept in the public for tourists to observe.

August 30,2014 - ‘Email’ invented by Indian-American V A Shiva Ayyadurai turns 32

On August 30, 2014, email turned 32 years. The method of message transfer was invented by Indian American V.A.Shiva Ayyadurai when he was just 14 years. V A Shiva Ayyadurai was born to a Tamil Family in Bombay in 1963. In 1978, Shiva Ayyadurai invented a computer programme, which he called “email,” that simulated all the functions of the interoffice mail system: Inbox, Outbox, Folders, Memo, Attachments, Address Book, etc. These features are now well-known parts of every email arrangement. On August 30, 1982, the US government formally recognized Shiva Ayyadurai as the inventor of email by awarding him the first US Copyright for Email for his 1978 invention. At that time copyright was the only way to safeguard software inventions. The Email wasn’t invented, with a huge research budget, in big institutions like the ARPANET, MIT, etc. Rather these organizations had believed it “impossible” to build such a system, considering it far too complex. At the age of 14, Shiva Ayyadurai worked at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) as a research fellow, where Dr Leslie Michelson, then Director of the Laboratory Computer Network (LCN) at UMDNJ gave him a challenge: to transform the old system of paper-based mail communications used at UMDNJ to an electronic one. Shiva Ayyadurai created a computer programme of over 50,000 lines of code, which electronically simulated all the qualities of the interoffice mail system.

Rescue operations

23rd May 1939 
"USS Squalus" submarine was put into sea on 23rd May for testing. There were 56 sailors and 3 civilians inside the vessel. As it went underwater one of its valves failed near Schelles island. At this time it was at 240 feet. The diving unit saved 33 men after 13 hours of struggle. Rest of the men didn't make it.

15th July 1956
Italian ocean liner "S S Andrea Doria" was a luxury passenger ship. It collided with another passenger ship "S S Stockholm" near Nantucket island in north Atlantic. At the time it had 1134 passengers and 572 crew members. Collision occurred due to dense fog. Doria's 5 fuel tanks got burst and it turned 90 degrees upside down. Doria sank in around 11 hours but most of the people were rescued. 46 people died in this accident.


11th April 1970
Seventh manned Apollo mission was launched from Kennedy space center Florida on 11th April. 56 hours after launch oxygen cylinder got burst on "Apollo 13". Oxygen level was depleting in spacecraft. It was safely landed on 17th April in Pacific ocean.

13 October 1972
On this day airplane Fairchild FH-227 was going from Montevideo to Santiago. There were 45 people on this plane. Due to bad weather it crashed on a pass on Andes mountain range at 13800 feet. From there it slipped 2000 feet, due to which 11 people died. On 29th October 8 people died due to landslide. On 23rd December remaining 18 people were rescued.

29th August 2005
Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans on 29th August 2005. Winds were blowing at the speed of 234 km/h and there was heavy rainfall. American coast guards with the help of 5000 soldiers saved 35000 people.

29th April 2010
On this day 3 Spanish mountaineers were stuck on world's highest peak Mt. Everest at the height of 22900 feet. At that time snowstorm was occurring. Swiss pilot Captain Daniel Ofdenblaten couldn't land the helicopter. He then with the help of a wire landed the mountaineers to 9000 feet altitude. For this Captain was awarded for his bravery.

15th January 2009
US airways flight 1549 was going from New York to Charlotte. A bird collided with the plane 3 minutes after takeoff at an altitude of 2818 feet. Pilots couldn't turn the plane back to New York as speed and altitude were not proper. So they turned the plane to Hudson river and landed it safely on the river. All the 155 passengers were safe.

11th April 2013

1. First women run post office in India starts in New Delhi.
2. First women army batallion posted on Indo-Pak border in Sriganganagar district of Rajasthan in India.

Some historic facts - February

4th February
1948 - Ceylon (Sri Lanka) gets independent from British rule.
1959 - "Ruth Handler" makes first barbie doll.
1971 - British car manufacturer Rolls Royce declares bankruptcy.
1976 - 23000 people die due to severe earthquake in Guatemala.
1990 - Ernakulam is declared first completely literate district of India.
2004 - Massachusetts high court authorizes gay marriage.
2004 - Formation of facebook by "Mark Zuckerberg".

5th February
1649 - King "Charles II" become prince of Wales.
1783 - Sweden recognizes USA's independence.
1783 - 30,000 people die due to severe earthquake in Calabria.
1917 - Mexico adopts constitution.
1958 - "Gamal Abdel Nasser" is elected as first president of Republic of UAE.

6th February
1911 - First old age home opened in Prescott,Arizona.
1918 - Britain gives women above the age of 30 years right to vote.
1931 - "Motilal Nehru" dies.
1935 - For the first time women voted in Turkey.
1941 - British forces occupy Bengazi,Libya.
1964 - Britain and France sign agreement to build tunnel between them.

8th February
1897 - Birth of "Dr. Zakir Hussain" India's third president.
1952 - "Elizabeth II" declares herself as queen of England.
1989 - USA's plane Boeing 707 crashes, 145 people die.
1994 - "Kapil Dev" makes wicket taking record in test cricket of 434 wickets.

9th February
1822 - American Indian society formed.
1904 - Japan declares war on Russia.
1969 - World's biggest plane Boeing 747 tested for the first time.
1975 - Soviet space ship Soyuz-17 returns to Earth.

10th February
1846 - British forces defeat Sikhs in Battle of Sobraon.
1906 - Britain's first warship HMS Dreadnought lands in water.
1921 - Kashi Vidyapeeth inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi.
1921 - "Duke of Connaught" lays foundation stone of "India Gate".
1929 - Industrialist "J R D Tata" becomes first Indian to get pilot's licence.

11th February
1942 - Famous industrialist and freedom fighter "Jamnalal Baja" dies.
1945 - "Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin and Franklin Roosevelt" sign Yalta treaty.
1975 - "Margaret Thatcher" becomes head of conservative party.
1990 - "Nelson Mandela" freed from jail.

12th February
1771 - "Gustav III" becomes king of Sweden.
1961 - Soviet Union launches spaceship "Venera 1" which was the first spacecraft to fly past Venus.
1973 - North Vietnam releases first group of American war prisoners.
1991 - Iceland recognizes Lithuania's independence.
1996 - Yasir Arafat becomes Palestine's first president.
2002 - 119 people die in a plane crash in Khoramabad,Iran.

13th February
1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal under Lisbon treaty.
1741 - USA's first magazine "The American magazine" published under the editorship of "Andrew Bedfrod".
1795 - USA's first government university "North Carolina" university established.
1960 - France tests its first nuclear bomb.

15th February
1564 - Birth of "Galileo Galili".
1804 - New Jersey became the last state of USA to end slavery.
1869 - Famous poet "Mirza Ghalib" dies.
1903 - For the first time in USA teddy bear is manufactured.
1906 - British labor party formed.
1965 - Maple leaf is adopted on national flag of Canada.
2003 - Protests in 600 cities in the world against USA's attack on Iraq.

27th February
1594 - "Henry IV" became king of France.
1670 - Jews are ordered to leave Austria on the orders of "Leopold I".
1931 - Great Indian freedom fighter "Chandrashekhar Azad" shoots himself during clash with British police in
Allahabad in order to not to be caugt alive.
1967 - Dominica becomes independent from British rule.
1992 - "Tiger Woods" becomes youngest PGA golfer.
2002 - 58 people die in Train fire in Godhra,Gujarat.

Some historic facts - January

18th January
1896 - X-Ray machine displayed for the first time to public in an exhibition in New York.
1951 - Lie detector machine used for the first time in Netherlands.
1986 - 24th space mission Columbia-7 returns to Earth.
1988 - 108 people die in a plane crash in south-west China.
1991 - Iraq launches scud missile on Israel.

19th January 
1668 - "King Louis 14" and king "Leopod I" sign agreement to partition Spain.
1905 - "Maharishi Devendranath Tagore" dies.
1942 - Japan attacks Burma.
1966 - "Indira Gandhi" becomes India's Prime minister.
1977 - For the first time snowfall happens in Miami(USA).
1981 - USA and Iran sign agreement to release 52 American hostages.
1986 - Spain recognizes Israel.
1990 - Great saint "Acharya Rajneesh(Osho)" dies.

20th January
1817 - Calcutta Hindu college established which is presently known as Presidency college.
1936 - British king "George V" dies.
1957 - First nuclear plant of India "Apsara" inaugurated.
1981 - "Ronald Reagan" becomes oldest President of USA at the age of 69 years and 349 days.
2001 - "George W Bush" becomes USA's 43rd president.

25th January
1824 - Famous bengali poet "Michael Madhusudan Dutt" dies.
1919 - League of nations formed.
1924 - First winter Olympic games organized in Chamonix,France.
1954 - Famous Indian political thinker "Manvendranath Rai" dies.
1961 - For the first time press conference of president of USA was telecasted on TV. "Kennedy" was asked  
31 questions.
1980 - "Mother Teresa" was awarded "Bharat Ratna" honor which is India's most prestigious civilian honor.
1983 - Creator of "Bhudan Andolan" "Vinoba Bhave" awarded "Bharat Ratna" posthumously.
2001 - Armenia and Azerbaijan become member of European union.